Darina’s Saturday Letter

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Small food producers for rural development

Recently, Éamon Ó Cuív, T.D. Minister for Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs met with representatives of organisations, agencies and Government Departments who work with small food producers.  Minister Ó Ćuiv called the meeting within the context of his remit as Minister with responsibility for rural development, to discuss the difficulties faced by rurally based artisan and traditional food producers with up to 50 employees. 

The Minister believes, quite rightly, that there is a huge potential in this industry for rural areas, but he recognises the need to identify the barriers to development in this sector.

“It has long been recognised that many of the traditional ways of making a living in rural Ireland are no longer sustainable.  Economic structures have changed dramatically in recent years, but many of our rural communities are finding it very difficult to adapt quickly enough to meet the changing demands of our modern society.  It’s time for those of us who live in rural areas to put on our thinking caps and come up with viable, imaginative solutions to these issues.  However, no more than the man or woman on the street, no Government has the power to provide magic solutions to these problems.

The Irish nation has produced some of the most innovative, talented and hard-working business people in the world.  I believe that the spirit of entrepreneurship that drove them is the very essence of what rural Ireland is about.   There was a time when every rural community was self-sustaining.  Farmers,  thatchers, tailors, cobblers, blacksmiths, even the travelling dance master, the tapestry of skills and workers was rich and vibrant.   Every one of those people were entrepreneurs.  I believe that encouraging small food production is just one of the ways in which we can nurture the self-starting sense of entrepreneurial spirit in a rural context.”

Michael Gleeson, a rural resource worker with Éirí Corca Baiscinn in West Clare presented a study of the local food economy in the county to the assembled group.
The study identified some of the problems facing small food producers, such as:

·     the perception that many of the regulations governing the industry are designed for production at a large     scale industrial level,
the difficulty of accessing finance,
the difficulties relating to distribution and branding and
the need to encourage farmers to accept small food production as a viable method of diversifying and sustaining traditional farms.

If small food producers in Co. Clare cornered 5% of the county’s food market it would inject approximately E10 million directly into the rural economy of the county, he said.
Mr Gleeson also said that a survey he had conducted of tourists in Co. Clare showed that they were prepared to pay up to a 20% premium for local produce, but that because of poor marketing and branding, the purchaser in many cases found it very difficult to identify whether a product was locally produced or not.  In order to help overcome this problem, he appealed to retailers to designate particular shelves or areas in their shops for locally produced food. Based on the results of a survey carried out in 2002 by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Bord Bia and the Department of Agriculture and Food, Ciara O’Reilly (FSAI) identified:

achieving satisfactory profit margin distribution costs,  as the two main obstacles facing small producers. Joint third were
building a brand, building a production facility and the cost of compliance with food safety regulations, while 75% reported  insurance costs as very high or high.

This survey also revealed that by far the highest concentration of small food producers were based in Co. Cork, but that there appeared to be a startling dearth of producers based in Connaught.

Patrick Wall, CEO of the Food Safety Authority of Ireland acknowledged the difficulties which small food producers face in complying with food safety regulations.   Food safety regulations have become more and more stringent in recent years, he said, particularly in the wake of BSE and other major food scares.  Although small food producers didn’t cause these problems, the resulting regulations are threatening their commercial viability, he continued.   What is needed now is risk-based regulation, he said.   We can’t compromise on food safety, but E.U. regulations shouldn’t be akin to using a sledgehammer to crack a nut. While we don’t want to give a carte blanche on food safety issues, as long as consumers’ health is adequately protected, regulations proportional to risk are what is needed, he concluded.

One of the most significant developments in this regard in the recent past is the announcement of the Hygiene Manual for Domestic-Scale Food Production.  This document which has been a few years in incubation,  was drawn up during a series of meetings. Manus O’Brolchain of National Standards Authority and Ray Ellard, now of the Food Safety Authority, spearheaded the initiative with the help of a Working Group which included representatives of Euro-Toques (Myrtle Allen), Farmhouse Cheesemakers, (Mary Burns of Ardrahan Farmhouse Cheese)  Federation of Irish Beekeepers Association,(Michael Woulfe from Midleton)  IRD Duhallow Rural Development Organisation (Timothy Lucey), Independent Small Food Producer Peter Ward of Country Choice, Nenagh, Home Baker, Jill Bell and myself.  The Country Markets organisation also had an input throughout the development process.

A workable document was painstakingly compiled.  The Environmental Health Officers validated the guidelines recently and the standard was launched on 9th December 2002 .For avoidance of doubt the crucial message is that people can start a business in their own domestic kitchen using these guidelines.

Each section is divided into sections –

What can go wrong
How it can be prevented
Recommendations:
The latter are not obligatory, but are suggestions to strive for as soon as possible.
  Hygiene for Domestic-Scale Food Production  (I.S. 344.2002)
Published by NSAI 2002 -
Available from ILI, Northumberland House, 42/44 Northumberland Road, Dublin 4
Tel. 01-857 6730  email:info@standards.ie Price 25 Euro plus postage of 4.62.
  On a practical note – this is the time for making Seville orange marmalade – the Seville oranges are in the shops just now, so get some and make some delicious fresh-tasting marmalade.   Here are a few marmalade ideas –

Old Fashioned Seville Orange Marmalade

Seville and Malaga oranges come into the shops after Christmas and are around for 4-5 weeks.
 Makes approx. 7 lbs (3.2kg)
2 lbs (900g) Seville Oranges
4 pints (2.3L) water
1 lemon
4 lbs (1.8kg) granulated sugar
Wash the fruit, cut in half and squeeze out the juice. Remove the membrane with a spoon, put with the pips, tie them in a piece of muslin and soak
 for 2 hour in cold water. Slice the peel finely or coarsely, depending on how you like your marmalade. Put the peel, orange and lemon juice, bag of pips and water into a non-reactive bowl or saucepan overnight.
Next day, bring everything to the boil and simmer gently for about 2 hours until the peel is really soft and the liquid is reduced by half. Squeeze all the liquid from the bag of pips and remove it.
Add the warmed sugar and stir until all the sugar has been dissolved. Increase the heat and bring to a full rolling boil rapidly until setting point is reached 5-10 minutes approx. Test for a set, either with a sugar thermometer (it should register 220F), or with a saucer. Put a little marmalade on a cold saucer and cool for a few minutes. If it wrinkles when you push it with your finger, it's done.
Allow marmalade to sit in the saucepan for 15 minutes before bottling to prevent the peel from floating.   Pot into hot sterilized jars. Cover immediately and store in a cool dry dark place.
N.B. The peel must be absolutely soft before the sugar is added, otherwise when the sugar is added it will become very hard and no amount of boiling will soften it.

Marmalade Popovers

Makes 14 approx.
7½ fl ozs (213ml) milk
1 teasp. grated orange rind
oil or lard for baking tins
½ teasp. salt
2 eggs
1 tablespoon melted butter or oil
8 teasp. home made Orange marmalade
Icing sugar
Sieve the flour into a bowl.  Make a well in the centre and pour in the milk and the lightly beaten eggs.  Mix to a smooth batter. Stir in grated orange rind and whisk really hard with an egg whisk until the surface is covered with air bubbles.  If possible leave to stand in a cold place for about an hour, then stir in the melted butter and beat again.  Grease deep patty tins really well. Put them in the oven until they are hot.  Pour in the batter, filling each tins half to two thirds full,  put straight into a hot oven, 220C/425F/regulo 7, for about 10 minutes, then reduce the heat to 180C/350F/regulo 4, and bake for about 25 minutes longer, until the popovers are well risen, crisp and golden brown. Put a small spoon of marmalade into each one.  Sprinkle with icing sugar and serve immediately.
Rory O'Connell's Marmalade Tart

Serves 8

pinch salt
5ozs (140g) butter
2 teasps. castor sugar
1 egg yol
Filling;
4ozs (110g) butter
4ozs (110g) castor sugar
2ozs (55g) ground almonds
1 large egg, beaten
4 tablesp. marmalade

Set the oven to 200C (400F/regulo 6)

Sieve the flour and salt into a mixing bowl and rub in butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs.  Stir in the sugar, beat the egg yolk with 2 teaspoons of cold water.  Use to bind the pastry, adding a little more water if necessary to form a soft but not sticky dough.  Knead on a lightly floured surface until smooth, wrap in cling film and chill for at least 30 minutes.    Roll out on a lightly floured surface and use to line an 8 inch (20.5cm) loose bottomed, fluted flan ring.   Prick the base lightly with a fork, cover with a sheet of greaseproof paper.  Fill with baking beans and bake blind for 15 minutes.  Remove from the oven and discard the paper and beans.
Meanwhile prepare the filling.  Beat the butter and sugar together until pale and creamy, then beat in the ground almonds and egg.  Warm and then sieve the marmalade.  Reserve the liquid, stir rind into mixture and beat well until thoroughly mixed.
Turn the prepared filling into the pastry case.  Smooth over the top.   Reduce the oven temperature to 180C (350F/regulo 4) and bake the flan for 15 minutes or until golden brown.  Glaze with reserved marmalade.   This tart is delicious hot or cold. 

Serve with softly whipped cream.

Eat Well on a Budget

Just now the credit card receipts are beginning to come in thick and fast toremind us of the retail therapy we indulged in with such gay abandon aroundChristmas.  We can feel virtuous in the fact that we’ve done our bit for the
Irish economy, but its time to tighten our belts in every sense of the word.There are of course all sorts of savings that can be made in household itemsand little luxuries that one can live without for the moment.   No matterwhat savings one makes its vital to keep the food on the table, as our wiseold GP Dr Derry McCarthy was fond of saying, “if you don’t put the petrol in
the tank the car won’t go” – unquestionably true – if we scrimp onnutritious food we’ll end up paying more to the chemist and the doctor – andif the latest surveys are to be believed, they can scarcely cope with theirworkload at present.
So what we need to do is put lots of time and energy into sourcing as muchtop quality fresh locally produced food in season as possible.   This willcut your food bills in half and provide you with live food bursting withvitamins, minerals and trace elements.
Nowadays, when so much shopping is done in supermarkets, its difficultparticularly for younger people, to work out what’s in season when so muchis available from January to December, and there are so few clues toindicate when something is in season.  I long for at least one chain ofsupermarkets to celebrate the seasons and highlight local produce in theirshops – this would be a tremendous help to concerned consumers and wouldgive a much-needed boost to local farmers and food producers.So what’s in season at present?  All the root vegetables are fantastic justnow, parsnips, carrots, celeriac, Jerusalem artichokes, swede turnips.  Thelatter are now sweet and nutty, having had several nights of frost whichconcentrates the natural fructose.   Brussels sprouts are still in seasonfor another few weeks and there’s lots of yummy crunchy Savoy cabbage to
cook on its own, or to add to a big bowl of mashed Golden Wonder potatoes,to make a bowl of comforting, delicious and inexpensive colcannon.Look out for kale also and my favourite sprouting broccoli, green, purple orwhite – I adore all those greens, in Winter my body seems to crave thoseclean fresh flavours.  Somehow I’m convinced that its what we need to
supplement our iron, vitamins and minerals at this time of the year.  Kale,by the way is the most nutritious of all the brassicas, a family renownedfor its vitamin A, B & C content, it is a good source of iron and of allvegetables it is one of the richest sources of calcium, in a form which caneasily be absorbed by the body.Leeks, a good source of potassium and folate, are also excellent at presentand we’ve been enjoying and feasting on the first of the herrings and spratsfilled with minerals, calcium and valuable Omega 3 fatty acids, for the pastfew weeks.  If you’re someone who reckons they haven’t eaten at all unlessyou’ve had meat, then in lean times take the opportunity to experiment withthe many inexpensive cuts of meat that are succulent.   Next time you go toyour local butcher or market, seek out pork spare ribs, bacon ribs, chickenwings, lamb shanks, shin of beef.  All inexpensive, succulent and delicious,cooked in a myriad of ways – here are a few suggestions to get you started!

Pangrilled Herrings with Grainy Mustard Butter

Serves 6 as a starter
6 fresh herrings, gutted, scaled and washed
Seasoned flour
Grainy Mustard Butter
1 teaspoon grainy mustard eg. Moutarde de Meaux
2 teaspoons Dijon mustard
1 tablespoon parsley, finely chopped
3 ozs (85g) melted butter
Squeeze of fresh lemon juice
Leek and Cheddar Cheese Tart
Serves 10-12
½ lb (225g) shortcrust pastry
1 lb (450g) white part of leeks
2 ozs (55g) butter
4 ozs (110g) white Cheddar cheese
or
2 ozs (55g) grated cheese and
2 ozs (55g) cooked ham, chopped1 tablesp. finely chopped parsley
8 fl ozs (225ml) cream or rich milk
2 eggs and 1 egg yolk
2 x 7 inch (18cm) flan rings

Clean the leeks and cut into 3 inch (2cm) slices. Melt the butter in a heavybottomed saucepan. Add the leeks, season and stir well to coat. Add 1-2tablespoons of water. Cover with a butter wrapper and a tight fitting lid.Reduce the heat and continue cooking for about 10 minutes or until soft andthe water has been absorbed. Do not let the leeks colour.

Preheat the oven to 180C/350F/regulo 4.

Roll out the pastry to about 3 inch (2cm) thick and line two 7 inch (18cm)flan rings. Line the pastry shell with a kitchen paper and fill up to thetop with dried beans. Bake for 10-15 minutes in the preheated oven. Remove the peas and kitchen paper and keep the flan aside.Stir the cheese or cheese and ham with the parsley into the leek mixture.Whisk the eggs with the cream and stir this in also. Check seasoning. Pour this mixture into the flan ring and put it back into the oven for 30-40 minutes or until just set. Serve with a green salad.
Curly Kale
Serves 4 approx.
450g (1lb) Curly kale, destalked (290g /10oz approx.) without stalks)
6 pints  (3.4 L) water
3 teaspoons salt
Freshly ground pepper and a little grated nutmeg
55g (2oz) butter
125ml (4fl oz) cream
Bring a large saucepan of salted water to the boil, (6 pints (3.4L) to 3 teaspoons salt). Add the curly kale and boil uncovered on a high heat until

Deh-Ta-Hsiung Pork Spareribs

Deh-ta Hsiung who was our guest chef here at the school some years ago gaveme this delicious recipe for cooking spare ribs.  Ideally, chop each individual rib into 2 or 3 bite-size pieces before cooking, which is less messy than chopping them after they are cooked.
1kg (2lbs) pork spareribs

Trim off excess fat and any gristle from the ribs and cut each rib into 2 or 3 small pieces.  Marinate with the rest of the ingredients for at least 2-3 hours if possible, turning occasionally.Barbecue under a hot grill for 15-20 minutes, turning and basting frequently
with the marinade.  Alternatively, roast the ribs in a baking dish in a preheated hot oven (230C/450F/Gas 8 for 15 minutes, then reduce the heat to 200C/400F/Gas 6 for 25-30 minutes more, turning once or twice.  Serve hot or cold on a bed of lettuce leaves with the sauce poured over them. Careful not to overcook or the meat will be dry and tough, instead of tender and succulent.
Swede Turnip and Bacon Soup 

Serves 6-8

12 ozs (340g) swede turnips, diced
1 tablesp. sunflower or arachide oil
5 ozs (140g) rindless streaky bacon cut in ½ inch (1cm) dice
4 ozs (110g) onions, chopped
5 ozs (140g) potatoes, diced
Salt and freshly ground pepper
1½ pints (900ml) homemade chicken stock
Cream or creamy milk to taste

Garnish

Fried diced bacon
Tiny croutons
Chopped parsley
Heat the oil in a saucepan, add the bacon and cook on a gentle heat until crisp and golden. Remove to a plate with a slotted spoon. Toss the onion, potato and turnip in the bacon fat, season with salt and freshly ground pepper. Cover with a butter wrapper to keep in the steam, and sweat on a gentle heat until soft but not coloured, about 10 minutes. Add the stock,
bring to the boil and simmer until the vegetables are fully cooked. Liquidise, taste, add a little cream or creamy milk and some extra seasoning if necessary.  Serve with a mixture of crispy bacon, tiny croutons and chopped parsley sprinkled on top.

The sheer joy coffee

The sheer joy of that first sip of coffee in the morning – for me, like many others, the day is punctuated by coffee, from the morning’s first café au lait in a comforting Shanagarry Pottery mug, to a frothy cappuccino dusted with chocolate mid-morning, to the rich dark expresso enjoyed with a truffle after dinner.
Good coffee is one of life’s exquisite pleasures and often when I enjoy a really good cup and smell the roasted beans, my mind drifts off uneasily to the coffee farmers of Mexico, Costa Rica and Vietnam.
Coffee grows in two narrow areas around the world in tropical and sub-tropical lands.
Even though I pay 18 Euros a kilo for my freshly roasted beans, the reality is that the global coffee market has collapsed. As ever it’s a case of over-production with new growers flooding the market. The official price per pound of coffee has crashed from a high of $6 in 1977 to a 100 year low of 42 cents last year.
For many of the world’s 25 million coffee growers, the future is bleak. In the recent past half a million have abandoned their farms in Latin America alone, unable to make enough money to stay alive. Both in Mexico and in Costa Rica, there have been mass protests, where millions of tons of beans have been burned or crushed for fertiliser in an effort to highlight the plight of coffee growers.

For years, the International Coffee Organization, founded in 1962, and made up of 60 nations had the power to set production quotas, but after the fall of Communism the US left the ICO, which then effectively lost its clout to enforce quotas and eventually stopped trying. The global coffee supply is now over-running demand by about 1.2 billion pounds, despite a sharp increase in global consumption. 
From its initial discovery in Abyssinia in the 6th Century AD, coffee has become a million dollar business. Of the more than 50 known varieties just two make up the majority of the world’s production, Arabica indigenous to Ethiopia, and Robusta discovered in the Congo.


Arabica is the most sought after and highly prized by coffee connoisseurs. This bean accounts for 70% of the world’s production. It is grown at approx. 1,000 – 2,000 metres above sea level, but the higher the altitude the better the quality. Beans grown at 1,500 metres can be labelled as Supreme, AA or Estate. Interestingly, top quality Arabica beans contain about half the caffeine level of the lower quality Robusta beans.
The latter makes up about 25% of the world’s output and is found in the highest quality expresso blends as it helps in the development of the ‘crema’ on top of the expresso.
The four top companies that dominate international coffee purchases, Proctor and Gamble, Sara Lee, Kraft and Nestlé, have all devised ways to improve the taste of blends ground from robusta beans even when the beans are poor quality.

 
Flavoured coffees have also become increasingly popular and flavours like vanilla and hazelnut help to mask the sometimes gritty taste of robusta, consequently the big players have been buying more cheap robusta beans from big growers, particularly Vietnam and less of the superior arabica from the traditional growers in Latin America.
The situation is becoming increasingly desperate, but recently Nestor Osorio, a hugely committed Colombian diplomat, has become executive director of the ICO and launched a clever new campaign to control production, targeting falling quality, rather than price – alas it is difficult to get the despairing coffee growers to agree on anything.
However, as the US and other nations are becoming increasingly aware, this whole issue will have far wider implications, it is not just about a cup of coffee. It has produced furious protests all over the globe by desperate and increasingly militant coffee farmers. At recent ICO meetings Mexican officials have noted that the map of rebel activity in Mexico roughly traces coffee growing regions. Colombia is warning that coffee farmers are increasingly turning to coca to in a frantic bid to make a livelihood to feed themselves and their families. The crisis has at last got the attention of the US Congress which recently passed a resolution to study the coffee crisis and to consider membership of the ICO, so we can but hope.
Meanwhile, what can we do at home in our own kitchens. Well, the best solution is to seek out Fair Trade Coffee.
Bewleys sell fair trade coffee under the name of Bewleys Direct and it’s available through most supermarket chains and through Bewleys Cafes.


Cafedirect another fairtrade coffee is available through Superquinn, Health Food Shops, Oxfam Shops and Trocaire Shops – if your local supermarket doesn’t stock Fairtrade Mark products, just ask the manager, the Fair Trade organisation even have a letter on their website (see address below) which you can send to your local store manager.
All the main coffee roasters in Ireland also have a Fairtrade Mark coffee for the catering market so its easy to change to fairtrade – encourage your restaurant or canteen in your workplace to use it – it makes a difference – Bewleys direct, Cafédirect, Johnsons Costa Rica Fairtrade Blend, Percol Fairtrade, Robert Roberts Fairtrade, Tiki Caffee and the Viking Direct catalogue – contact details are available on the website www.fair-mark.org/products 0r tel 01-475 3515. Email:info@fair-mark.org 
 
For 350 producer groups representing some four and a half million producers and their families in 36 countries selling to the Fairtrade market across 17 countries in Europe and North America, Fairtrade means – guaranteed better prices, decent working conditions, fair wages and the security of long term trading relationships.

Chocolate and Coffee Mousse

Merrilees Parker gave me this yummy recipe.
Serves 4

5½oz (150g) good quality dark chocolate
3 tbsp expresso strength coffee
3½ oz (100g) unsalted butter, softened and cut into small cubes
3 free-range eggs, separated
2 tbsp caster sugar

Melt the chocolate with the coffee in a bowl, over a pan of gently simmering water.
Add the butter, a piece at a time stirring continuously until completely melted.
The bowl should be warm so the butter softens but does not split and turn to oil.
It should become the consistency of thick cream. Add the egg yolks, one by one, beating them until the mixture is very smooth.
Whisk the egg whites until they form soft peaks, then add the sugar and beat to glossy soft peaks. Carefully fold into the chocolate mixture to retain as much air as possible, making sure no white spots from the egg whites remain.
Spoon into individual glasses and chill for at least 2 hours.
Serve with cream poured into the top of each glass. 

Sue’s Coffee and Pecan Biscuits

This delicious recipe was given me by Sue Cullinane, one of our teachers here at the school, we are always delighted when students or staff share one of their favourite recipes with us and we include it in our repertoire of recipes.
Makes 20

4 oz (110g) butter, softened 
4 oz (110g) muscovado sugar
5 oz (150g) self-raising flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
2 eggs
1 tablespoon milk
1 tablespoon coffee essence
1 ½ oz (35g) pecans, chopped

For the icing
2 oz (50g/ ½ stick) butter
5 oz (150g/1 ¼ cup) icing sugar
1 teaspoon milk
1 teaspoon coffee essence

pecans, toasted

10 x 7 inch (25.5 x 18 cm) swiss roll tin, well greased

Preheated oven 180ºC/ 350ºF/Gas mark 4

Put all the cake ingredients into a magimix or food processor. Whizz for 1-2 minuntes to amalgamate. Spread the cake mixture evenly in the well buttered tin and level the top. Bake in the preheated oven for 30-40 minutes approx. The cake should be well risen. Allow to cool in the tin.
Meanwhile mix the ingredients for the icing together. As soon as the cake has cooled, spread the icing evenly over the top using a palette knife. Sprinkle toasted pecans over the top. Cut into squares and serve.

Tira Misu

This dessert originated in Venice and is now very popular not just in Italy. The name means ‘pick me up’, not surprising considering the amount of booze in it. This is our version which always gets rave reviews.
Serves 8

38-40 Boudoir biscuits
8 fl oz (250 ml) strong espresso coffee (if your freshly) made coffee is not strong enough, add 1 teaspoon of instant coffee)
2 tablespoons brandy
2 tablespoons Jamaica rum
3 ozs (85g) dark chocolate
3 eggs, separated, preferably free range
4 tablespoons castor sugar
9 ozs (255g) Mascarpone cheese *

Unsweetened Cocoa (Dutch process)

Dish 10 x 8 inches (25.5 x 20.5cm) with low sides or 1lb loaf tin (8 x 4 inches (20.5 x 10cm) lined with cling film

Mix the coffee with the brandy and rum. Roughly grate the chocolate (we do it in the food processor with the pulse button). Whisk the egg yolks with the sugar until it reaches the 'ribbon' stage and is light and fluffy, then fold in the Mascarpone a tablespoon at a time.
Whisk the egg whites stiffly and fold gently into the cheese mixture. Now you are ready to assemble the Tira Misu.
Dip each side of the boudoir biscuits one at a time into the coffee mixture and arrange side by side in the dish or tin. Spread half the Mascarpone mixture gently over the biscuits, sprinkle half the grated chocolate over the top, then another layer of soaked biscuits and finally the rest of the Mascarpone. Cover the whole bowl or loaf tin carefully with cling film or better still slide it into a plastic bag and twist the end. Refrigerate for at least 6 hours - I usually make it the day before I use it. 
Just before serving scatter the remainder of the chocolate over the top and dredge with unsweetened cocoa.
Note: Tiramisu will keep for several days in a fridge, but make sure it is covered so that it doesn't pick up 'fridgie' tastes.
*Mascarpone, a delicious rich creamy cheese which originated in Lodi in Lombardy is made by curdling cream with citric acid. It is often used instead of cream with fruit and pastries

The sheer joy coffee         18th jan

The sheer joy of that first sip of coffee in the morning – for me, like many others, the day is punctuated by coffee, from the morning’s first café au lait in a comforting Shanagarry Potterymug, to a frothy cappuccino dusted with chocolate mid-morning, to the rich dark expresso enjoyed with a truffle after dinner.
Good coffee is one of life’s exquisite pleasures and often when I enjoy a really good cup and smell the roasted beans, my mind drifts off uneasily to the coffee farmers of Mexico, Costa Rica and Vietnam.
Coffee grows in two narrow areas around the world in tropical and sub-tropical lands.
Even though I pay 18 Euros a kilo for my freshly roasted beans, the reality is that the global coffee market has collapsed. As ever it’s a case of over-production with new growers flooding the market. The official price per pound of coffee has crashed from a high of $6 in 1977 to a 100 year low of 42 cents last year.
For many of the world’s 25 million coffee growers, the future is bleak. In the recent past half a million have abandoned their farms in Latin America alone, unable to make enough money to stay alive. Both in Mexico and in Costa Rica, there have been mass protests, where millions of tons of beans have been burned or crushed for fertiliser in an effort to highlight the plight of coffee growers.
For years, the International Coffee Organization, founded in 1962, and made up of 60 nations had the power to set production quotas, but after the fall of Communism the US left the ICO, which then effectively lost its clout to enforce quotas and eventually stopped trying. The global coffee supply is now over-running demand by about 1.2 billion pounds, despite a sharp increase in global consumption.
From its initial discovery in Abyssinia in the 6th Century AD, coffee has become a million dollar business. Of the more than 50 known varieties just two make up the majority of the world’s production, Arabica indigenous to Ethiopia, and Robusta discovered in the Congo.
Arabica is the most sought after and highly prized by coffee connoisseurs. This bean accounts for 70% of the world’s production. It is grown at approx. 1,000 – 2,000 metres above sea level, but the higher the altitude the better the quality. Beans grown at 1,500 metres can be labelled as Supreme, AA or Estate. Interestingly, top quality Arabica beans contain about half the caffeine level of the lower quality Robusta beans.
The latter makes up about 25% of the world’s output and is found in the highest quality expresso blends as it helps in the development of the ‘crema’ on top of the expresso.
The four top companies that dominate international coffee purchases, Proctor and Gamble, Sara Lee, Kraft and Nestlé, have all devised ways to improve the taste of blends ground from robusta beans even when the beans are poor quality.


Flavoured coffees have also become increasingly popular and flavours like vanilla and hazelnut help to mask the sometimes gritty taste of robusta, consequently the big players have been buying more cheap robusta beans from big growers, particularly Vietnam and less of the superior arabica from the traditional growers in Latin America.
The situation is becoming increasingly desperate, but recently Nestor Osorio, a hugely committed Colombian diplomat, has become executive director of the ICO and launched a clever new campaign to control production, targeting falling quality, rather than price – alas it is difficult to get the despairing coffee growers to agree on anything.
However, as the US and other nations are becoming increasingly aware, this whole issue will have far wider implications, it is not just about a cup of coffee. It has produced furious protests all over the globe by desperate and increasingly militant coffee farmers. At recent ICO meetings Mexican officials have noted that the map of rebel activity in Mexico roughly traces coffee growing regions. Colombia is warning that coffee farmers are increasingly turning to coca to in a frantic bid to make a livelihood to feed themselves and their families. The crisis has at last got the attention of the US Congress which recently passed a resolution to study the coffee crisis and to consider membership of the ICO, so we can but hope.
Meanwhile, what can we do at home in our own kitchens. Well, the best solution is to seek out Fair Trade Coffee.
Bewleys sell fair trade coffee under the name of Bewleys Direct and it’s available through most supermarket chains and through Bewleys Cafes.
Cafedirect another fairtrade coffee is available through Superquinn, Health Food Shops, Oxfam Shops and Trocaire Shops – if your local supermarket doesn’t stock Fairtrade Mark products, just ask the manager, the Fair Trade organisation even have a letter on their website (see address below) which you can send to your local store manager.
All the main coffee roasters in Ireland also have a Fairtrade Mark coffee for the catering market so its easy to change to fairtrade – encourage your restaurant or canteen in your workplace to use it – it makes a difference – Bewleys direct, Cafédirect, Johnsons Costa Rica Fairtrade Blend, Percol Fairtrade, Robert Roberts Fairtrade, Tiki Caffee and the Viking Direct catalogue – contact details are available on the website www.fair-mark.org/products 0r tel 01-475 3515. Email:info@fair-mark.org

For 350 producer groups representing some four and a half million producers and their families in 36 countries selling to the Fairtrade market across 17 countries in Europe and North America, Fairtrade means – guaranteed better prices, decent working conditions, fair wages and the security of long term trading relationships.

Chocolate and Coffee Mousse
Merrilees Parker gave me this yummy recipe.

Serves 4

5½oz (150g) good quality dark chocolate
3 tbsp expresso strength coffee
3½ oz (100g) unsalted butter, softened and cut into small cubes
3 free-range eggs, separated
2 tbsp caster sugar

Melt the chocolate with the coffee in a bowl, over a pan of gently simmering water.
Add the butter, a piece at a time stirring continuously until completely melted.
The bowl should be warm so the butter softens but does not split and turn to oil.
It should become the consistency of thick cream. Add the egg yolks, one by one, beating them until the mixture is very smooth.
Whisk the egg whites until they form soft peaks, then add the sugar and beat to glossy soft peaks. Carefully fold into the chocolate mixture to retain as much air as possible, making sure no white spots from the egg whites remain.
Spoon into individual glasses and chill for at least 2 hours.
Serve with cream poured into the top of each glass.

Coffee and Pecan Biscuits

This delicious recipe was given me by Sue Cullinane, one of our teachers here at the school, we are always delighted when students or staff share one of their favourite recipes with us and we include it in our repertoire of recipes.

Makes 20

4 oz (110g) butter, softened
4 oz (110g) muscovado sugar
5 oz (150g) self-raising flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
2 eggs
1 tablespoon milk
1 tablespoon coffee essence
1 ½ oz (35g) pecans, chopped

For the icing
2 oz (50g/ ½ stick) butter
5 oz (150g/1 ¼ cup) icing sugar
1 teaspoon milk
1 teaspoon coffee essence

pecans, toasted

10 x 7 inch (25.5 x 18 cm) swiss roll tin, well greased

Preheated oven 180ºC/ 350ºF/Gas mark 4

Put all the cake ingredients into a magimix or food processor. Whizz for 1-2 minuntes to amalgamate. Spread the cake mixture evenly in the well buttered tin and level the top. Bake in the preheated oven for 30-40 minutes approx. The cake should be well risen. Allow to cool in the tin.
Meanwhile mix the ingredients for the icing together. As soon as the cake has cooled, spread the icing evenly over the top using a palette knife. Sprinkle toasted pecans over the top. Cut into squares and serve.

This dessert originated in Venice and is now very popular not just in Italy. The name means ‘pick me up’, not surprising considering the amount of booze in it. This is our version which always gets rave reviews.

Serves 8

38-40 Boudoir biscuits
8 fl oz (250 ml) strong espresso coffee (if your freshly) made coffee is not strong enough, add 1 teaspoon of instant coffee)
2 tablespoons brandy
2 tablespoons Jamaica rum
3 ozs (85g) dark chocolate
3 eggs, separated, preferably free range
4 tablespoons castor sugar
9 ozs (255g) Mascarpone cheese *

Unsweetened Cocoa (Dutch process)

Dish 10 x 8 inches (25.5 x 20.5cm) with low sides or 1lb loaf tin (8 x 4 inches (20.5 x 10cm) lined with cling film

Mix the coffee with the brandy and rum. Roughly grate the chocolate (we do it in the food processor with the pulse button). Whisk the egg yolks with the sugar until it reaches the ‘ribbon’ stage and is light and fluffy, then fold in the Mascarpone a tablespoon at a time.
Whisk the egg whites stiffly and fold gently into the cheese mixture. Now you are ready to assemble the Tira Misu.
Dip each side of the boudoir biscuits one at a time into the coffee mixture and arrange side by side in the dish or tin. Spread half the Mascarpone mixture gently over the biscuits, sprinkle half the grated chocolate over the top, then another layer of soaked biscuits and finally the rest of the Mascarpone. Cover the whole bowl or loaf tin carefully with cling film or better still slide it into a plastic bag and twist the end. Refrigerate for at least 6 hours – I usually make it the day before I use it.
Just before serving scatter the remainder of the chocolate over the top and dredge with unsweetened cocoa.
Note: Tiramisu will keep for several days in a fridge, but make sure it is covered so that it doesn’t pick up ‘fridgie’ tastes.
*Mascarpone, a delicious rich creamy cheese which originated in Lodi in Lombardy is made by curdling cream with citric acid. It is often used instead of cream with fruit and pastries

‘Minimealism’ is causing a stir

A red hot new food trend called ‘minimealism’ is causing a stir in the food world. Chefs are discovering that the coolest food comes in small portions. In the late 90’s on the global food scene sushi became as popular as sandwiches, while mini burgers and sipping champagne through a straw is the Millennium’s ultra hip meal. Tiny lamb, beef, chicken or tuna burgers are now being served in some of the world’s most glamorous restaurants from New York to Sydney. I first came across the beginning of this trend when I went to Tasting Australia in Perth in 2001.
Several of the vibey parties we went to served mini portions of maxi favourites. This kind of food is also all the rage in South Africa, where past student Annabel Ovenstone, now a product developer for Marks and Spencer, explained that currently people like to eat and entertain casually, sharing many different textures, tastes and smells.
Mini food is now a response to lifestyle trends – it spans all eating occasions – simple food that’s low on fuss but high on flavour.
In New York, John De Lucies, executive chef of the Soho Grand Hotel, says his ‘Soho picnic platter’ is the most popular dish on the bar menu ‘its an ode to small food’. It features a trio of baby hot dogs in blankets, a supermodel sized burger on a brioche bun and a tangle of skinny fries. Other mini meals on the menu are tiny baked potatoes topped with crème fraiche and three caviars and mini ravioli stuffed with provolone, salami, and ricotta, served with a spicy dipping sauce.
Mini food encourages people to graze, ideal for people who want lots of different taste sensations, but not too much bulk – perfect for ladies but its surprising how all those mini bits add up.
At ‘First’, one of Sam de Marco’s hip restaurants in Manhattan, the most popular dish is 4 tiny burgers on fluffy little rolls topped with caramelised onions, served with cheese, pickles, tomatoes and crispy fries. Mini food is not just savoury – De Marco also serves a selection of tiny tarts and sandwich petit fours.
So this ‘little food’ trend is getting bigger and bigger. I was astonished to hear that mini food festivals now take place annually in Italy, France, US and Thailand. There’s even a mini food street in Karachi in Afghanistan. Closer to home in London, one of my favourite chefs, Peter Gordon serves a selection of fusion tapas and mezze meals on his menu at Provodore.
In South Africa, mini food is the new buzz word circulating in food circles, hot or cold soups in espresso cups, oysters in shot glasses, mini bruschetta, calamari in tiny bowls. Mini food is served on all the trendiest menus from cocktails to the swishest dinner parties.
Often they are miniature versions of our favourite comfort food and drinks, mini Bloody Marys, mini sausages with wasabi mash, tiny fish and chips served in cones of the Financial Times, (didn’t Lorna Wing do that 10 years ago?). Little crepes, mini Vietnamese spring rolls, tiny fish cakes, spicy meatballs, the list goes on…
Mini food is basically a bite- (or maybe two) sized meal, mostly eaten with the fingers. Mini foodies usually have smallish appetites and biggish budgets, because mini food restaurants don’t necessarily work on value for money! A few ideas to get you in on the ‘minimealism’.

Oyster Shooters

These were all the rage at drinks parties in Oz when I went to Tasting Australia.
Makes 24- 28

600 ml (20 fl oz) mirin
400 ml (14 fl oz) sake
2 tablespoons Japanese rice vinegar
1½ tablespoons soy sauce
1½ tablespoons wasabi mustard powder
24-28 shot glasses
24-28 oysters

Put the mirin and sake into a sauté pan, bring to the boil and allow to catch the flambé. When the flames die down, turn off the heat, pour into a pyrex measure and allow to cool. Add the vinegar, soy sauce and whisk in the wasabi powder. Cover and chill in the fridge overnight
Just before serving, open the oysters and put one into each shot glass. Cover with chilled liquid (leave the sediment behind in the measure). Serve immediately. 

Teeny Chicken Burgers with Sweet Chilli Sauce

Makes 12
2-3 chicken breasts, minced (free range and organic) – 12 ozs (350g)
1 teasp. honey
1 tablesp. soy sauce
1 clove garlic, crushed
â…“ teasp. peeled and grated ginger
1 tablesp. spring onion, chopped
salt and freshly ground pepper
12 mini hamburger buns

cherry tomatoes
coriander leaves

Accompaniment:
Sweet chilli sauce – available from Asian shops and most supermarkets

Mix the honey with the soy sauce, add the garlic, ginger and spring onion and minced chicken. Season with salt and freshly ground pepper.
Fry off a little piece on a small frying pan. Taste and correct the seasoning if necessary.
Form the mixture into tiny burgers about 1oz (25g) in weight. Cover and chill until needed. 
To serve: Warm the hamburger buns in the oven. Heat a little oil in a heavy frying pan, cook the burgers until fully cooked through but still juicy.
Meanwhile split the hamburger buns, butter the bases. Put a few coriander leaves and a slice or two of cherry tomato on the bottom of half the buns. Spread a little sweet chilli sauce on the other halves. As soon as the chicken burgers are cooked, pop one on top of the chilli sauce and sandwich the two halves together. Serve extra sweet chilli sauce as an accompaniment.
Delicious warm or cold.

Teeny Yorkshire Puds with Rare Roast Beef and Horseradish Sauce and Rocket Leaves

Makes 28 approx.

4oz (110g) plain flour
2 eggs, preferably free-range
½ pint (300ml) milk
½ oz (15g) butter, melted

Sunflower oil for greasing tins
Horseradish Sauce 
6 -8 ozs (170-225g) Rare Roast Beef or chargrill a thick sirloin steak to medium rare, rest and thinly slice just as needed

Rocket or flat parsley leaves
1 tray of 1¾ inch (4.5cm) bun tins

Sieve the flour into a bowl, make a well in the centre of the flour, drop in the eggs. Using a small whisk or wooden spoon, stir continuously, gradually drawing in flour from the sides, adding the milk in a steady stream at the same time. When all the flour has been incorporated whisk in the remainder of the milk and cool melted butter. Allow to stand for 1 hour.
Preheat the oven to 230C/450F/regulo8. Heat the patty tins in the oven, grease with sunflower oil and fill a - 2 full with batter. Bake in the preheated oven for 15 minutes or until crisp, golden and bubbly. 
Remove from the tins and cool on a wire rack.

To Serve: 
Fill each with a tiny blob of Horseradish Sauce. Top with a thin sliver of rare roast beef. 
Garnish with a sprig of flat parsley or a rocket leaf. Serve soon - best freshly cooked.

Mini Lamb and Mint Yorkshire Puds

Lamb fillet

Apple and Mint Jelly or Mint Chutney

Substitute lamb fillet for beef in the above recipe. Put a little blob of Apple and Mint Jelly or Mint Chutney into each mini Yorkshire pud. Top with a tiny slice of warm lamb fillet and a tiny mint sprig.
Serve warm.


Focaccia

The classic Italian flat bread, great as a nibble before dinner. Often good served with a selection of olives or roasted vegetables as a starter
1 quantity olive dough (see recipe below)
Olive oil and sea salt, 

Roll out your dough, you can either roll it in to one large disc or four smaller discs. The discs need to be about 1cm (½ inch) thick. 
Put on to an oiled baking sheet and make indentations all over the surface with your fingers. Brush liberally with olive oil and sprinkle with sea salt. 
Allow the Focaccia to rise again. Put in to oven and bake for 5 minutes and then reduce temperature to 200C/400F/regulo 6 and bake for a further 15 - 20 minutes.


Mini Focaccias

Make the dough in the usual way. Allow to rise, knock back. Roll out to thickness of (1cm) ½ inch, allow to rest for 3-4 minutes. Stamp into 2.5cm (1 inch) rounds with a cutter. Alternatively just roll and flatten into tiny rounds. Brush with olive oil, sprinkle with sea salt and stud with a sprig of rosemary.

Bake in a pre-heated oven 180C/360F/regulo 4, for 10 minutes approx. or until golden brown in colour.
Serve warm or cold.

Variations
Focaccia with Rosemary
Another favourite is to sprinkle 2 teaspoons of finely chopped rosemary over the oil and then sprinkle with sea salt and proceed and bake as above.
Focaccia with Sage
Knead 2 teaspoons of finely chopped sage into the piece of dough, then roll out to1cm ½ inch thickness and brush with olive oil. Make indentations all over the surface with your fingertips, sprinkle with sea salt, then proceed as above.
Focaccia with Black Olives
Substitute 1-2 tablespoons of black olives for the sage and proceed as above. Remember to take the stones out of the olives! 1 teaspoon of chopped marjoram or thyme leaves is a delicious addition here also.

Olive Oil Dough

This basic dough is ideal for pizza and focaccia. If you can try to use Italian extra virgin olive oil for a really authentic flavour.
(Makes 8 x 25cm 10inch pizzas)

20g (¾oz) fresh yeast
250ml (8floz) water
50ml (2floz) olive oil
30g (1oz) butter
1 teaspoon salt
15g (½ oz) sugar
450g (1lb) strong white flour

Preheat the oven to 230C/450F/regulo 8
Sponge the yeast in 150ml (5fl oz) of tepid water, leave in a warm place for about five minutes.
In a large wide mixing bowl sieve the flour, salt and sugar. Rub in the butter, make a well in the centre.
Pour in the sponged yeast, olive oil and most of the remaining lukewarm water. Mix to a loose dough adding the remaining liquid or a little extra flour if needed.
Turn the dough onto a lightly floured work surface, cover and leave to relax for 5 minutes approximately.
Then knead for about 10 minutes or until smooth, springy and elastic, if kneading in a food mixer with a dough hook, 5 minutes is usually long enough.
Put the dough in a large delph bowl. Cover the top tightly with cling film.
When the dough has more than doubled in size, 1½ – 2 hours, knock back and knead again for about 2 to 3 minutes. Leave to relax again for 10 minutes.
On a well-floured work surface roll each ball in to about 25cm (10inch) disc and use as required

MacNean House and Bistro

I will always remember the first time I went to eat at Neven Maguire’s restaurant in Blacklion, Co Cavan. The restaurant, on the main street of this border town felt like a family home, warm and comfortable. Jo and Vera, Neven’s Mum and Dad were there to welcome the guests – so proud of their boy – and rightly so – young Neven, barely out of his teens, had a string of awards. In 1996 he was made Eurotoque Chef of the Year, in 1999 he was chosen as Bushmills Chef of the Year – Best Outside Dublin, and in 2001 Neven represented Ireland in the prestigious Bocuse d’Or World Cuisine Competition in France.
Although Neven and his restaurant ‘MacNean House and Bistro’ in Blacklion, Co. Cavan, were well-known among chefs and foodies, it wasn’t until he became studio chef on RTE’s Open House that he became a household name.
His infectious enthusiasm and passion for food, have inspired many timid novices and budding cooks and chefs to have a go. Viewers who would scarcely have cooked rice a few years ago are now rustling up risottos and searing swordfish. Recently, still in his 20’s Neven realised a life-time ambition to write a cookbook. Its called ‘Neven Cooks’ and is published by Poolbeg Press at E14.99 .
Its got lots of delicious simple recipes and top tips from one of Ireland’s most endearing young chefs.

Best Ever Home-Made Beefburger

Serves 4

All children love burgers, but what about the adults? I t seems that we never grow out of our fascination for this meaty sandwich. Well, this is my Cavan contender for the best ever burger and it caters specifically for the ‘older children’ out there. It’s rather exotic and uses fresh pineapple and Gruyere cheese. Make sure you make one for yourself while you’re at it.

4 flozs (110ml) mayonnaise
1 teaspoon sweet chilli sauce
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 small onion, diced
2 cloves garlic, crushed
1 lb (5ozs) (600g) lean minced beef
1 rounded tablespoon chopped sage
2 eggs, beaten
8 thin slices Gruyere cheese
2 hamburger buns, halved
1 spanish onion, sliced into thin rings
2 ozs (50g) plain flour, seasoned
2 ozs (50g) rocket leaves
2 vine-ripened tomatoes, sliced
seasoning

frying oil heated to 180ËšC/350ËšF/Gas mark 4

First make the chilli mayonnaise by mixing mayonnaise and chilli sauce together . Keep in the fridge until ready to serve.
Now sweat the onion and garlic in half the olive oil for 2 minutes on a medium heat. Cool the mixture a little before putting it in a bowl with the mince, sage and eggs. Mix well and season. Shape into 4 large burgers. In a frying pan , cook the burgers on a high heat in the remaining olive oil for about 6-7 minutes on each side or more if you prefer. You can also grill these or use the barbeque in the summer.
While the meat is cooking, grill the pineapple until hot and the juices are caramelising, then place 2 slices of Gruyere cheese on each pineapple ring and leave under the grill to melt. Dip the onion rings in the seasoned flour and deep-fry in the oil. Remove when golden and crispy and leave to drain on some kitchen paper. Toast the burger buns.

To serve
On each toasted bun, place a small amount of rocket followed by 2-3slices of tomato and a beefburger. Put a cheesy pineapple ring on the meat and top it all with some crispy onion rings. Drizzle the chilli mayonnaise over the open burger.

Hearty Winter Vegetable Soup

Serves 4

I created this recipe one day to use up some leftover vegetables. I gave some to my mother and I was delighted when she told me it tasted just like the soups she used to eat as a little girl – needless to say she loved it. It is true that this soup tastes kind of old- fashioned and really comforts on a cold wintry day. Take it from my mum!

2 ozs (50g) barley, washed
8ozs (225g) carrots, diced
4ozs (110g) onion, diced
4ozs (110g) leeks, diced
4ozs (110g) turnips, diced
4ozs (110g) parsnips, diced
4ozs (110g) celery, diced
2ozs (50g) plain flour
4 pints (2.2 litres) hot chicken stock
½ pint (275ml) milk or cream
1 scallion, chopped
1oz (25g) croutons (toasted cubes of white bread)
seasoning

Place the barley in a saucepan with ½ pint (275ml) of cold water. Bring to the boil and simmer until cooked. Drain and set aside. Now heat the butter in a large heavy-bottomed pot, add all the diced vegetables and sweat for 5 minutes or until they are soft. Remove the pot from the heat and stir in the flour thoroughly. Put the pot back on a low heat and cook for 2-3 minutes. Then gradually add the hot stock, stirring constantly, and bring to the boil. Add the cream or milk, whichever you prefer, and add season. Lastly, stir in the cooked barley.
To serve
Serve in a warm bowl with croutons, chopped scallions and crusty bread

 

Grilled Chicken Caesar Salad

Serves 4

So few people like anchovies in their Caesar salads that I’ve stopped putting them in mine. However, everybody seems to want chicken in it. I think people basically like the thick crunchy salad leaves and the creamy dressing of a Caesar salad- so for them, here it is, my way.

4ozs (110g) day-old bread
1 head of cos lettuce, washed
2 chicken breasts,8ozs (225g) each
1oz (25g) parmesan, grated
3ozs (75g) cherry tomatoes, quartered

Dressing
1 free range egg
1 clove garlic, crushed
2 teaspoons Dijon mustard
1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
a few drops Tabasco sauce (optional)
½ teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
4ozs (110g) low fat natural yoghurt
seasoning

Place the bread cubes on a baking sheet and bake in the oven for 4-5 minutes until they are crispy, golden croutons. Set aside and leave to cool.
Now make the dressing. Put the whole egg in a food processor along with the garlic, mustard, olive oil, Worcestershire sauce and yoghurt. Add the Tabasco if you are using it. Blend for 1-2 minutes in a food processor, season to taste and store in the fridge.
Next grill the chicken . Put the breasts on a baking tray and season with salt and pepper. Place the tray under a hot grill and cook for 8-10 minutes on each side. The chicken is cooked when the flesh is firm to the touch. Don’t overcook or the chicken will dry out.

To serve
Place some lettuce leaves in a bowl and put some slices of grilled chicken on top. Toss in some Parmesan and cherry tomatoes and drizzle with lots of dressing. Repeat with a second layer and sprinkle some croutons on top.

 

Apple Crumble with Cinnamon and Walnuts

Serves 6-8
Everyone’s favourite, the apple tart. This is my version of that famous Irish classic. I’ve added nuts for extra texture and a bit of cinnamon in the crumble for flavour. I like to make this in small individual tins because it looks so amazing on the plate.
But you can use a large tin to save time and serve more people.

Pastry
4ozs (110g) butter, diced
3ozs (75g) icing sugar
9ozs (250g) plain flour (Plus a little extra for rolling
1 egg

Filling
4 large Bramley apples, peeled, cored and cubed
4ozs caster sugar
1 tablespoon lemon juice
½ pint (275ml) water

Crumble
4ozs (110g) butter
6ozs (175g) plain flour
4ozs (110g) brown sugar
2ozs (50g) walnuts, chopped
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon

Caramel Sauce
10ozs (275g) caster sugar
¼ pint (150ml) water
8flozs (225ml) cream
3ozs (75g) butter

First make the pastry by creaming the butter and icing sugar together. Slowly add the egg and flour and mix well. Cover with clingfilm and leave in the fridge to relax for at least 3 hours. This pastry is very sticky and has a ‘cake-like’ texture, so chilling is vital before rolling. When ready, roll the pastry on a floured counter and line six 1-inch / 10cm tartlet tins (or a 9-inch /23cm tart tin). Rest in the fridge for about 1 hour.
Now the filling. Boil the sugar, water and lemon juice in a pot. Add the apples and bring to the boil. Remove the apples immediately using a slotted spoon. Leave to cool.
Preheat the oven to 190ËšC/375ËšF/Gas mark 5.
To make the crumble, rub the butter and flour together lightly. Add the sugar, cinnamon and walnuts and mix together well. Spoon the cooled apples into the tartlet tins. Sprinkle the crumble mixture over them and bake in the oven for 20 minutes, or until the top is golden brown.
To make the caramel sauce, place the sugar and water in a heavy-bottomed pot. Bring to the boil and cook for approximately 15 minutes or until it has a golden-brown colour (if it’s too dark it will become bitter). Stir in the cream and butter and mix well. Keep on the heat until it reaches a thick sauce consistency. Leave to cool and store in the fridge. This sauce will keep for up to two weeks.

To serve
Place individual tarts onto plate and serve with ice cream and caramel sauce

Recipes from ‘Neven Cooks’ by Nevin Maguire published by Poolbeg Press.

Ballymaloe Cookery School – Ireland’s foremost cooking School

 
It always seems to be so difficult to decide just how much food one needs to have in for Christmas, I never seem to get it right.    Even my most meticulous plans change – late invitations mean that food is relegated to the back of the fridge and the best laid plans are cheerfully ditched for the sake of spontaneous conviviality.
Last week we were sorting through the miscellaneous items still in the fridge and pantry after the festive season.   We were resolutely making New Year resolutions to use up all those little bits that have been chucked into the freezer in a desperate effort to reduce waste when plans changed.
So what did I find?   Several bags of cranberries – they freeze brilliantly and can of course be made into cranberry sauce to accompany a juicy roast pheasant, guinea fowl or chicken at any time, but you may want to try something a little less predictable.  Throw a fistful into the dry ingredients when you are making scones, or add them to a muffin mix, the bittersweet flavour is a delicious surprise. 
We have also been putting cranberries into ice-cubes to use in drinks over the festive season.  They look pretty and taste good, particularly if you have time to prick them with a needle and soak the cranberries in a little simple sugar syrup beforehand.
A bittersweet cranberry sauce is delicious as a filling in a meringue roulade or in a feather light sponge with some softly whipped cream.  Our current favourite though is a caramelized cranberry tart given to me by Rosemary Kearney, a former student and teacher here at the school.  It is rich and intense and keeps well – a little slice is perfect with a blob of whipped cream after dinner.  
Many houses have a pot or two of mincemeat left over also, most recipes keep well, sometimes even for years, so there’s no great urgency to use it up, but when you begin to feel peckish again try making this mincemeat crumble tart or a mincemeat slice.  They are both so delectable that its almost worth making mincemeat specially to try them.  A layer of mincemeat is also delicious on the base of a Bramley apple tart. 
This Christmas I got a present of not one, but two beautiful Pannetone.  The rich, featherlight yeasted Italian cake wrapped in gold paper and silk ribbon, makes an irresistible nibble over Christmas and leftovers make the best bread and butter pudding.  Its certainly no hardship eating these leftovers.

Caramelized Cranberry Tart


Serves 8-10
1 x 9½ inch (24cm) sweet shortcrust pastry  tart shell, baked blind
Filling
10 fl ozs (285ml) heavy whipping cream
10 ozs (285g) granulated sugar
2½ fl ozs (65ml) water
10 ozs (285g) cranberries
2 large eggs, lightly whisked
¼ teasp. finely chopped orange zest
Preheat the oven to 325F/160C/regulo 3
Put the cream into a small saucepan, and scald over a medium-high heat.   Remove the cream from the heat and cover.  Set aside.
Put the sugar and water in a saucepan.   Stir over a medium heat until the sugar is dissolved.   Increase the heat to high and cook the sugar until it is chestnut in colour.   (Do not stir after you increase the heat.)  Remove the saucepan from the stove and slowly add half the cranberries, stirring until they release their juice and wilt slightly.
Slowly add the warm cream, stirring constantly.  Add the remaining cranberries.  Cool for  4 or 5 minutes and gently whisk in the egg and the orange zest.
Pour the mixture into the par-baked pie shell.  Bake until thick, golden and bubbly, about 1 hour.   Cool the tart on a wire rack before cutting.   Serve with softly whipped cream.

Cranberry Muffins


Makes 8
8 ozs (225g) white flour
½ teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon baking powder
5oz (140g) caster sugar
3oz (85g) butter
1 egg
½ teaspoon vanilla essence
6floz (170ml) milk
4oz (110g) cranberries
1 muffin tray lined with muffin papers
Preheat the oven at 200°C. Sieve the flour, salt, baking powder in a bowl. Stir in the sugar. Rub in the butter until it looks like breadcrumbs. Combine the beaten egg, vanilla essence and milk and add to the dry mixture. Combine with a fork to give a wet consistency. Fold in the cranberries gently. Spoon into the muffin cases. Bake for 20-25 minutes until well-risen and golden. Cool on a wire rack and dust with icing sugar.

Ballymaloe Mincemeat Shortbread


Makes 16 or more if cut into small squares
Base
8 oz (225g) plain white flour
1 oz (25g) semolina
1 oz (25g) custard powder
2 oz (50g) icing sugar
7 oz (200g) unsalted butter, cut into cubes
cold water to bind
14 oz (400g) homemade mincemeat
Topping
4 oz (110g) plain white flour
½ oz (15g) semolina
½ oz (15g) custard powder
1 oz  (25g) icing sugar
3½ oz (100g) unsalted butter
castor sugar for dusting
12 " x 8 "  (30.5cm x 20.5cm) Swiss roll tin, greased
Preheat the oven to 180C/350F/regulo 4/
To make the base.  Sieve the flour, semolina, custard powder and icing sugar into a bowl.  Mix well.  Rub in the butter until the mixture resembles coarse breadcrumbs.
Carefully add just enough water to bring the mixture together.   Press the mixture into the greased tin, making sure it fills into the corners of the tin.
Spread the mincemeat on top, leaving a narrow border all around.
Next make the topping.  Sieve the flour, semolina, custard powder and icing sugar together and rub in the butter until the mixture is crumbly.   Spread the crumble mixture on top of the mincemeat and gently press down with your fingers to ensure an even cover.
Bake in the preheated oven for 30-35 minutes until golden brown on top.  Cut into squares while still hot.   Sprinkle lightly with castor sugar and allow to cool in the tin.

Ballymaloe Mincemeat Crumble Tart


Serves 8-10
Crumble topping
4 ozs (110g) self-raising flour
3 ozs (85g) chilled butter, diced
3 ozs (85g) castor sugar
1 oz (30g) flaked almonds
Cake
6 ozs (170g) self-raising flour
4 ozs (110g) softened butter
4 ozs (110g) soft brown sugar
2 eggs preferably free range
2 teasp. pure vanilla essence
2 tablesp.  milk
13 lb (560g) home-made mincemeat
icing sugar
Pre-heat the oven to 180C/350F/regulo 4.  Butter a 82 inch/21.5cm
spring form tin. 
To make the crumble topping
 Put 4 ozs/110g of flour and castor sugar into a bowl.  Rub in the diced butter until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs.  Stir in the almonds.  Keep aside.
To make the cake
Cream the soft butter in a bowl.  Add the soft brown sugar and continue to beat until light and fluffy.  Beat in the eggs one by one, add the vanilla essence and stir in the sieved flour and milk. 
Spoon the mixture into the greased tin.  Spread the mincemeat over the batter.  Sprinkle the crumble over the mincemeat.  Bake for 45-50 minutes.  Remove the sides and dredge the cake with icing sugar.  Serve warm with softly whipped cream. 

Pannetone Bread and Butter Pudding


Bread and Butter Pudding is a most irresistible way of using up leftover white bread - this is a particularly delicious recipe.
Serves 6-8
12 slices Pannetone or good-quality white bread, crusts removed
2 ozs (55g) butter, preferably unsalted
½ teasp. freshly-grated nutmeg or cinnamon
7 ozs (200g) Lexia raisins or plump sultanas
16 fl ozs (475ml) cream
8 fl ozs (225ml) milk
4 large eggs, beaten lightly
1 teasp. pure vanilla essence or a dash of Eau de Vie or brandy
6 ozs (170g) sugar
1 tablesp.  sugar for sprinkling on top of the pudding
Garnish
Softly-whipped cream
1 x 8 inches (20.5cm) square pottery or china dish
Butter the pannetone or bread and arrange 4 slices, buttered side down, in one layer in a dish.  Sprinkle with half the nutmeg or cinnamon and half the raisins, arrange another layer of bread, buttered side down, over the raisins, and sprinkle the remaining spice and fruit on top.  Cover the raisins with the remaining pannetone or bread, buttered side down.
In a bowl whisk together the cream, milk, eggs, vanilla essence, eau de vie or brandy if using and sugar.  Pour the mixture through a sieve over the pudding.  Sprinkle the sugar over the top and let the mixture stand, covered loosely, at room temperature for at least 1 hour or chill overnight.
Bake in a bain-marie - the water should be half way up the sides of the baking dish.  Bake in the middle of a preheated oven, 180C/350F/regulo 4, for 1 hour approx. or until the top is crisp and golden.  Serve the pudding warm with some softly-whipped cream

Alice Waters Chez Panisse was named No. 1 restaurant in America by Gourmet

A new book by Alice Waters is always a cause for excitement and celebration in the food world. Alice is a legend in her own lifetime. The original concept for Chez Panisse, the simple restaurant she opened in Berkeley, California in 1971 was a place where she and her friends could cook French country food with local ingredients and talk politics. In 2001Chez Panisse was named No. 1 restaurant in America by Gourmet magazine. As the restaurant’s popularity gathered momentum through the years so did Alice ’s commitment to organic, locally grown food. She cultivated a community of farmers and artisanal food producers to provide the freshest ingredients, grown and harvested with techniques that preserve and enrich the land for future generations.

After 30 years the innovative spirit and pure intense flavours continue to delight those who eat at Chez Panisse. Alice Waters started a quiet revolution which has inspired chefs and cooks from coast to coast and has resulted in a renaissance of interest in local, organic food in season.

Alice graduated from the University of California at Berkeley in 1967 with a degree in French Cultural Studies and trained at the Montessori School in London before spending a seminal year travelling in France. She opened Chez Panisse in 1971, serving a single fixed-price menu that changed daily. The set-menu formula remains to this day and is at the heart of Alice’s philosophy of serving only the highest quality products, only when they are in season.

Alice is a strong advocate for farmers’ markets and for sound and sustainable agriculture. In 1996, in celebration of the restaurant’s twenty-fifth anniversary, she created the Chez Panisse Foundation, to underwrite cultural and educational programmes that demonstrate the transformative power of growing, cooking, and sharing food. Her new book, Chez Panisse Fruit a sequel to Chez Panisse Vegetables, has more than 200 recipes for sweet and savoury dishes featuring fruit, plus helping essays on storing and preparing fruit, I’ve chosen a few of my favourite recipes so far for Autumn. Chez Panisse Fruit, by Alice Waters, published by Harper Collins, New York in 2002.

Lamb Tagine with Quinces

Serves 4

3 lbs (1.3kg) boned lamb shoulder, cut into 2 inch cubes

Salt and pepper

Olive Oil

2 onions, peeled and grated

3 tablesp. unsalted butter

1 cinnamon stick

1 heaped teaspoon of grated fresh ginger, or ½ teasp. ground ginger

½ teasp. saffron, crushed

2 lbs (900g) quinces

2 tablesp. honey

juice of ½ lemon

Trim off and discard excess surface fat from the lamb. Season the meat

with salt and pepper. Cover the bottom of a heavy stew pot with oil, heat,

add the meat, and brown lightly on all sides over medium-high heat. Do this

in batches, if necessary, to avoid crowding. When the meat is browned,

reduce the heat and pour off the oil. Add the onions, butter, cinnamon

stick, ginger, saffron, and 1 teaspoon salt and cook for about 5 minutes,

stirring and scraping up any brown bits from the bottom of the pan. Pour in

enough water to just cover the meat and cook, covered, at a gentle simmer

until the meat is tender, about 1½ hours.

While the lamb is cooking, wash the quinces, rub off any clinging fuzz, cut

each quince into 8 wedges, and core them. Do not peel: the peel

contributes texture and flavour to the stew. Place the wedges in lightly

acidulated water to prevent them from browning. When the lamb is tender,

taste the stew for saltiness and adjust as needed. Add the quinces, honey,

and lemon juice and simmer for another 15-30 minutes, until the quince

wedges are tender but not falling apart.


Rocket Salad with Pomegranates and Toasted Hazelnuts

Serves 6

1 cup (scant 2oz) hazelnuts

1 pomegranate, (about ½ cup seeds)

6 generous handfuls of rocket (arugula), washed and dried

½ tablesp. red wine vinegar

1½ tablesp. aged balsamic vinegar

6 tablesp. extra-virgin olive oil

salt and pepper

Preheat oven to 400F (200C/regulo 6)

Spread the hazelnuts out on a baking sheet and toast until golden, 12-15

minutes. Take them out when they are just golden brown in the middle; check

by cutting a nut in half. They will continue to cook after they come out of

the oven. Allow them to cool off a little, rub them between your hands to

remove most of their skins, and chop them coarsely.

To get the seeds out of the pomegranate, but it in half horizontally and

smash the fruit onto a plate, cut side down. Most of the seeds will come

out. Remove the remaining ones with a spoon.

Put the rocket in a large salad bowl and add the vinegars, olive oil, and

salt and pepper to taste. Toss, making sure that all the leaves are evenly

coated. Taste and adjust the seasoning as necessary. Add the hazelnuts and

pomegranate seeds, toss again and serve.


Upside-down Pear and Red Wine Tart

Makes one 10 inch tart, serves 6-8

Alice says that the balance of tart and sweet in this tart is especially

pleasing when there is still red wine in your glass.

1 x 750ml bottle red wine

1 cup (7oz/200g) sugar

2 x 2 inch pieces of cinnamon stick

7 peppercorns

4 cloves

1 orange

6 large pears (Bosc, Bartlett or d’Anjou)

1 x 10 oz (275g) piece of puff pastry or rich shortcrust.

In a medium-sized saucepan over low heat, combine the wine, sugar, cinnamon

sticks, peppercorns and cloves. Shave long strips of zest from the orange

with a swivel-bladed peeler and add them to the wine mixture. Slice the

oranges in half and squeeze in the juice. Quarter, core and peel the pears.

Add the pears to the wine mixture and simmer over low heat for 20-30

minutes, until tender. Remove from the heat and let the pears cool in their

poaching liquid. They can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 days at

this point.

Preheat the oven to 400F/200c/regulo 6.

Remove the pears from the liquid and set them aside. Strain the poaching

liquid, return it to the saucepan, and reduce to about 1 cup (8fl.ozs).

Roll out the dough to about ? inch thick into an 11-12 inch circle. In a 10

inch ovenproof sauté pan or cast-iron frying pan, arrange the pear pieces in

concentric circles, core side facing up. Pour ½ cup (4 fl.ozs) of the

reduced poaching liquid over the pears. Cover the pears with the circle of

dough, tucking the overhang between the sides of the pan and the pears.

Bake for about 40 minutes, until the dough is golden brown. Let cool for 10

minutes. Remove the tart from the pan by placing a rack over the pan and

inverting it. Some of the hot juice may come off the tart, so it is best to

invert it over a baking sheet to avoid making a sticky mess. Push the

pears back into place if necessary, and let the tart cool for another 15

minutes on the rack. Serve with crème fraiche or vanilla ice-cream and

serve the leftover wine reduction as a sauce.


Pork Loin stuffed with Wild Plums and Rosemary

Serves 6

Alice recommends finding a source of local certified organic pork to use in

this recipe.

1½ lbs (700g) wild plums or Santa Rosa plums

2 shallots

1 bunch rosemary

2 tablesp. olive oil

2 tablesp. brandy

2 tablesp. sweet wine (Beaumes de Venise and port are good choices)

½ cup (4 fl.ozs) water

salt and pepper

2 lemons

1x 6 rib pork loin in the piece, chine bone removed

The plums can be prepared a day in advance. Split the plums in half and

remove the stones. Cut the halves into small wedges. Peel and chop the

shallots finely. Strip enough rosemary leaves off the stems to make a

scant half teaspoon, chopped.

Heat the olive oil in a heavy-bottomed pot, add the shallots and the

rosemary, and cook for 5 minutes over medium heat, until wilted. Add the

brandy and flame. Add the sweet white wine, bring to a boil, add the plums

and cook for 3 minutes. Add the water and mash the plums with a potato

masher or whisk. Add ¼ teaspoon salt, and a squeeze of lemon juice. Cook

at a simmer until thickened, about 10 minutes, stirring often to keep the

plum paste from sticking and burning. Taste and adjust the salt as needed.

Let cool completely before stuffing the pork loin.

To stuff the loin, take a sharp knife and cut along the rib bones to

separate them from the meat. Cut almost all the way down, leaving only 1

inch of the loin attached to the bones. Make a lengthwise pocket for the

stuffing, cutting halfway into the roast, where the meat has been exposed

from the bones. Liberally season the roast all over with salt and pepper;

this will give it a delicious crust. Season the inside of the pocket and

stuff it with the plum paste. Press the pocket closed. Slice the second

lemon as thin as you can. Arrange the lemon slices and rosemary sprigs

between the bones and the meat. Gently push the roast back into its

original shape. Using cotton twine, tie up the roast with one tie between

each rib. Now the loin is stuffed with the plums in the middle and the

lemon and rosemary between the ribs and the meat. It can be roasted now or

covered and refrigerated for up to a day.

If the loin has been refrigerated, take it out of the refrigerator at least

1 hour before roasting. Preheat the oven to 365F/190C/regulo 5.

Put the loin in a roasting pan, bone side down and roast for about 1½ hours,

until an internal temperature of 130F is reached. Start checking the

temperature with an instant-read thermometer after an hour, but be sure to

insert the thermometer into the meat, avoiding the line of stuffing. When

the roast is done, remove it from the oven and let it rest for at least 20

minutes in a warm place. Remove the twine, carve into individual chops, and

serve.

The Nano Nagle Centre

In many places around the world religious orders are gradually downsizing, selling off land and property and in some cases gradually changing or evolving into new ministries. In Ireland, several, including the Dominicans, Mercy and Presentation sisters are highlighting their concern for the future of the planet. By being proactive on environmental issues, they reaffirm the basic tenet that so many have forgotten – that ‘everything starts in the good earth, without rich fertile soil we won’t have nourishing food and clean water’. In 1975, 200 years after Nano Nagle established the Presentation order, the sisters got the opportunity to buy the farm between Fermoy and Mallow where their foundress was born and reared. At first they leased the land to local farmers but in the early 1980’s decided to renovate some of the farm buildings including a stone coach-house.

The latter, now a conference centre holds 60 people comfortably. The sisters’ vision was to create a centre for people who were interested in the philosophy and spirituality of caring for the earth and the environment. The Nano Nagle Centre also includes a heritage centre, an oratory and three self-catering bungalows which can be rented for conferences or retreats, or simply for the purpose of relaxation or rejuvenation. In the late 1990’s the sisters made a further decision to take back the land and farm it organically. Sister Mary Kelliher who was reared on a farm in Kerry accepted the challenge of converting the 33 acres to organic production. Before embarking on this daunting task, she went to New Jersey to see the Genesis Centre for Learning with organically cultivated land attached, run by the Dominican sisters and the indomitable Sister Miriam Therese McGillis.

Fired with enthusiasm, she returned to Ireland and immediately joined the Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association. Two years later the farm is fully accredited. Sister Mary and her team currently have 140 hens, 9 cattle and 60 lambs and she sells organic lamb and beef to people who would like to have a source of organic meat for the freezer. They grow potatoes, carrots, parsnips, cabbage, broccoli, onions, beetroot, squash and herbs and in the past two years have started an orchard. On a recent visit I had a fascinating tour of the enterprise, Sister Mary says it has been a steep learning curve, and every new season gives one a further insight into the realities and vagaries of nature. The vegetables looked healthy and abundant. The sisters are now fulfilling one of their main aims which is to provide fresh organic produce for the local community, neighbours call regularly to the centre to buy the delicious fresh seasonal produce and for Halloween they will also have pumpkins for sale.

Recently a very successful one-day seminar on ‘The Food we Buy’ attracted a capacity audience, an indication of the growing awareness of food and environmental issues and the deep craving for really fresh local food in season. This was particularly evident at the end of the day when organic and local food producers set up a market at the centre, with a view to selling their produce, there was practically a stampede to buy both food and plants. For details of The Nano Nagle Centre, Ballygriffin, Mallow, Co Cork, please contact Sister Mary Kelliher at 022-26411.

Pumpkin Soup

Serves 8

2lbs (900g) pumpkin flesh

2ozs (50g) butter

2 onions, sliced

2 teasp. freshly chopped marjoram or thyme leaves

Salt and freshly ground pepper

1-1½ tablesp. sugar (optional, depends on pumpkin)

1 pint (600ml) milk

10 fl.ozs (300ml) home made chicken stock (optional)

Garnish

4 streaky rashers

2 tablesp. whipped cream

1 tablesp. chopped parsley

First prepare the pumpkin.

The method you use will depend on how you intend to serve the soup. If you plan to serve it in a tureen or individual soup bowls, simply cut the pumpkin in half or quarters, scoop out the seeds and fibrous matter from the centre. Peel off the skin with a knife and cut the flesh into cubes.If however you would like to use the pumpkin shell for a more dramatic presentation then you’ll need to proceed with care. Slice a lid off the top of the pumpkin, scoop out the seeds and fibres. Save the seeds to roast (see below) and nibble as a snack. Then carefully scoop out the pumpkin flesh, a sharp edged tablespoon is best for this but be careful not to damage the pumpkin shell. You may need to do several times the recipe, using the flesh of a second pumpkin to fill the pumpkin tureen. Next make the soup – Melt the butter in a saucepan, when it foams add the onion and sweat for a few minutes until soft, add the chopped pumpkin and coat in the butter, add freshly chopped herbs, salt, freshly ground pepper and sugar and the milk and stock, bring to the boil and simmer until the pumpkin is cooked.

Liquidize, taste and correct seasoning if necessary. If it is a little thick, thin with some boiling chicken stock.

Cook the rashers until they are really crisp and cut into lardons. Pour the hot soup into a tureen or back into the pumpkin shell, swirl a little cream on top. Scatter with crispy bacon and chopped parsley. Serve immediately.


Lydia’s Roasted Pumpkin Seeds

Pumpkin Seeds

Sea Salt

Preheat the oven to 110C/225F/regulo ¼.

Remove all the seeds from the flesh and rinse under cold water. Lay a single

layer on a baking tray and sprinkle generously with sea salt.

Put into the preheated oven for 30-40 minutes, the seeds should be nice and

crunchy.


Beetroot Soup with Chive Cream

Serves 8-10

2lb (900g) beetroot

1oz (25g) butter

8oz (225g) onions

salt and freshly ground pepper

2 pints (1.2L) home-made chicken or vegetable stock approx.

4fl oz (125ml) creamy milk

Chive Cream

4 fl oz (125ml) sour cream or crème fraiche

Finely chopped chives

Wash the beetroot carefully under a cold tap. Don’t scrub, simply rub off the clay with your fingers. You won’t want to damage the skin or cut off the top or tails because it will ‘bleed’ in the cooking. Put the beetroot into cold water, and simmer covered for anything from 20 minutes to 2 hours depending on the size and age. Meanwhile chop the onions, sweat carefully and gently in the butter until they are cooked. The beetroot are cooked when the skins will rub off easily.

Chop the beetroot and add to the onions. Season with salt and freshly ground pepper. * Put into a liquidiser with the hot chicken stock. Liquidise until quite smooth. Reheat, add some creamy milk, taste and adjust the seasoning, it may be necessary to add a little more stock or creamy milk. Serve garnished with little swirls of sour cream and a sprinkling of finely chopped chives.


Chilled Beetroot Soup

Proceed as in the master recipe above to *. Liquidise with just enough stock

to cover. The mixture should be smooth and silky. Season with salt and

freshly ground pepper. Fold in some cream and yoghurt.

Serve well chilled in small bowls with little swirls of yoghurt and finely

chopped chives.

Victoria Plum Jam

Makes 6-7 lbs (2.7-3.2kg)

4 lbs (1.8kg) Victoria or Opal plums

3-4 lbs (1.35-1.8kg) sugar, (taste the plums if they are very sweet use

minimum)

1 pint (600ml) water

Wash the plums and remove the stones. Save the stones and tie in muslin bag. Put the sugar into a moderate oven to heat for 10-15 minutes. Grease the preserving pan, put in the plums bag of stones and water, and cook until the plums burst. Add the hot sugar, stir until it has completely dissolved. Turn the heat to maximum and boil until the jam will set, approx. 15-20 minutes. Discard the bag of stones. Test, skim and pot into hot sterilized jars. Cover immediately and label.


Compote of Blackberry and Apples with Sweet Geranium Leaves

Make this simple compote while the blackberries are still on the hedgerows.

Serves 3 approx.

4 ozs (110g) sugar

8 fl ozs (250ml) water

2 large dessert apples eg. Golden Delicious or Worcester Pearmain

5 ozs (140g) blackberries

4 large sweet geranium leaves (Pelargonium Graveolens)

Boil the sugar, water and sweet geranium leaves for 1-2 minutes to make a syrup. Peel the apples thinly, keeping a good round shape. Quarter them, remove the core and trim the ends. Cut into segments 3 inch (5mm) thick. Poach them in the syrup until translucent but not broken. Just 3-5 minutes before they have finished cooking, add the blackberries, simmer together so that they are both cooked at once.

Serve chilled, with little shortbread biscuits.


Fork Biscuits

Makes 45-50 biscuits approx.

8 ozs (225g) soft butter

4 ozs (110g) castor sugar

10 ozs (275g) self raising flour

Grated rind of one lemon or orange

Cream the butter, add in the castor sugar, sifted flour and grated lemon or orange rind and mix just until it all comes together. Alternatively, place all four ingredients in the bowl of a food mixer and mix slowly until all the ingredients come together. At this stage the dough can either be used right away or put in the deep freeze or kept in the fridge for up to a week. When required, bring up to room temperature and form into small balls the size of a walnut. Flatten them out onto a baking sheet using the back of a fork dipped in cold water. Allow plenty of room for expansion. Bake in a preheated oven – 180C/350F/regulo 4 for 10 minutes approx. Sprinkle with Vanilla sugar. When cold, store in air tight containers.

The Nano Nagle Centre

In many places around the world religious orders are gradually downsizing, selling off land and property and in some cases gradually changing or evolving into new ministries. In Ireland, several, including the Dominicans, Mercy and Presentation sisters are highlighting their concern
for the future of the planet. By being proactive on environmental issues, they reaffirm the basic tenet that so many have forgotten – that
‘everything starts in the good earth, without rich fertile soil we won’t have nourishing food and clean water’. In 1975, 200 years after Nano Nagle established the Presentation order, the sisters got the opportunity to buy the farm between Fermoy and Mallow where their foundress was born and reared. At first they leased the land to local farmers but in the early 1980’s decided to renovate some of the farm buildings including a stone coach-house.

The latter, now a conference centre holds 60 people comfortably. The sisters’ vision was to create a centre for people who were interested in the philosophy and spirituality of caring for the earth and the environment. The Nano Nagle Centre also includes a heritage centre, an oratory and three self-catering bungalows which can be rented for conferences or retreats, or simply for the purpose of relaxation or rejuvenation. In the late 1990’s the sisters made a further decision to take back the land and farm it organically. Sister Mary Kelliher who was reared on a farm in Kerry accepted the challenge of converting the 33 acres to organic production. Before embarking on this daunting task, she went to New Jersey to see the Genesis Centre for Learning with organically cultivated land attached, run by the Dominican sisters and the indomitable Sister Miriam Therese McGillis.

Fired with enthusiasm, she returned to Ireland and immediately joined the Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association. Two years later the farm is fully accredited. Sister Mary and her team currently have 140 hens, 9 cattle and 60 lambs and she sells organic lamb and beef to people who would like to have a source of organic meat for the freezer. They grow potatoes, carrots, parsnips, cabbage, broccoli, onions, beetroot, squash and herbs and in the past two years have started an orchard. On a recent visit I had a fascinating tour of the enterprise, Sister Mary says it has been a steep learning curve, and every new season gives one a further insight into the realities and vagaries of nature. The vegetables looked healthy and abundant. The sisters are now fulfilling one of their main aims which is to provide fresh organic produce for the local community, neighbours call regularly to the centre to buy the delicious fresh seasonal produce and for Halloween they will also have pumpkins for sale.

Recently a very successful one-day seminar on ‘The Food we Buy’ attracted a capacity audience, an indication of the growing awareness of food and environmental issues and the deep craving for really fresh local food in season. This was particularly evident at the end of the day when organic and local food producers set up a market at the centre, with a view to selling their produce, there was practically a stampede to buy both food and plants. For details of The Nano Nagle Centre, Ballygriffin, Mallow, Co Cork, please contact Sister Mary Kelliher at 022-26411.

Pumpkin Soup

Serves 8
2lbs (900g) pumpkin flesh
2ozs (50g) butter
2 onions, sliced
2 teasp. freshly chopped marjoram or thyme leaves
Salt and freshly ground pepper
1-1½ tablesp. sugar (optional, depends on pumpkin)
1 pint (600ml) milk
10 fl.ozs (300ml) home made chicken stock (optional)
Garnish
4 streaky rashers
2 tablesp. whipped cream
1 tablesp. chopped parsley
First prepare the pumpkin.
The method you use will depend on how you intend to serve the soup. If you plan to serve it in a tureen or individual soup bowls, simply cut the pumpkin in half or quarters, scoop out the seeds and fibrous matter from the centre. Peel off the skin with a knife and cut the flesh into cubes.If however you would like to use the pumpkin shell for a more dramatic presentation then you’ll need to proceed with care. Slice a lid off the top of the pumpkin, scoop out the seeds and fibres. Save the seeds to roast (see below) and nibble as a snack. Then carefully scoop out the pumpkin flesh, a sharp edged tablespoon is best for this but be careful not to damage the pumpkin shell. You may need to do several times the recipe, using the flesh of a second pumpkin to fill the pumpkin tureen. Next make the soup – Melt the butter in a saucepan, when it foams add the onion and sweat for a few minutes until soft, add the chopped pumpkin and coat in the butter, add freshly chopped herbs, salt, freshly ground pepper and sugar and the milk and stock, bring to the boil and simmer until the pumpkin is cooked.
Liquidize, taste and correct seasoning if necessary. If it is a little thick, thin with some boiling chicken stock.
Cook the rashers until they are really crisp and cut into lardons. Pour the hot soup into a tureen or back into the pumpkin shell, swirl a little cream on top. Scatter with crispy bacon and chopped parsley. Serve immediately.
Lydia’s Roasted Pumpkin Seeds
Pumpkin Seeds
Sea Salt
Preheat the oven to 110C/225F/regulo ¼.
Remove all the seeds from the flesh and rinse under cold water. Lay a single
layer on a baking tray and sprinkle generously with sea salt.
Put into the preheated oven for 30-40 minutes, the seeds should be nice and
crunchy.

Beetroot Soup with Chive Cream

Serves 8-10
2lb (900g) beetroot
1oz (25g) butter
8oz (225g) onions
salt and freshly ground pepper
2 pints (1.2L) home-made chicken or vegetable stock approx.
4fl oz (125ml) creamy milk
Chive Cream
4 fl oz (125ml) sour cream or crème fraiche
Finely chopped chives
Wash the beetroot carefully under a cold tap. Don’t scrub, simply rub off the clay with your fingers. You won’t want to damage the skin or cut off the top or tails because it will ‘bleed’ in the cooking. Put the beetroot into cold water, and simmer covered for anything from 20 minutes to 2 hours depending on the size and age. Meanwhile chop the onions, sweat carefully and gently in the butter until they are cooked. The beetroot are cooked when the skins will rub off easily.
Chop the beetroot and add to the onions. Season with salt and freshly ground pepper. * Put into a liquidiser with the hot chicken stock. Liquidise until quite smooth. Reheat, add some creamy milk, taste and adjust the seasoning, it may be necessary to add a little more stock or creamy milk. Serve garnished with little swirls of sour cream and a sprinkling of finely chopped chives.

Chilled Beetroot Soup

Proceed as in the master recipe above to *. Liquidise with just enough stock
to cover. The mixture should be smooth and silky. Season with salt and
freshly ground pepper. Fold in some cream and yoghurt.
Serve well chilled in small bowls with little swirls of yoghurt and finely
chopped chives.
Victoria Plum Jam
Makes 6-7 lbs (2.7-3.2kg)
4 lbs (1.8kg) Victoria or Opal plums
3-4 lbs (1.35-1.8kg) sugar, (taste the plums if they are very sweet use
minimum)
1 pint (600ml) water
Wash the plums and remove the stones. Save the stones and tie in muslin bag. Put the sugar into a moderate oven to heat for 10-15 minutes. Grease the preserving pan, put in the plums bag of stones and water, and cook until the plums burst. Add the hot sugar, stir until it has completely dissolved. Turn the heat to maximum and boil until the jam will set, approx. 15-20 minutes. Discard the bag of stones. Test, skim and pot into hot sterilized jars. Cover immediately and label.

Compote of Blackberry and Apples with Sweet Geranium Leaves

Make this simple compote while the blackberries are still on the hedgerows.
Serves 3 approx.
4 ozs (110g) sugar
8 fl ozs (250ml) water
2 large dessert apples eg. Golden Delicious or Worcester Pearmain
5 ozs (140g) blackberries
4 large sweet geranium leaves (Pelargonium Graveolens)
Boil the sugar, water and sweet geranium leaves for 1-2 minutes to make a syrup. Peel the apples thinly, keeping a good round shape. Quarter them, remove the core and trim the ends. Cut into segments 3 inch (5mm) thick. Poach them in the syrup until translucent but not broken. Just 3-5 minutes before they have finished cooking, add the blackberries, simmer together so that they are both cooked at once.
Serve chilled, with little shortbread biscuits.

Fork Biscuits

Makes 45-50 biscuits approx.
8 ozs (225g) soft butter
4 ozs (110g) castor sugar
10 ozs (275g) self raising flour
Grated rind of one lemon or orange
Cream the butter, add in the castor sugar, sifted flour and grated lemon or orange rind and mix just until it all comes together. Alternatively, place all four ingredients in the bowl of a food mixer and mix slowly until all the ingredients come together. At this stage the dough can either be used right away or put in the deep freeze or kept in the fridge for up to a week. When required, bring up to room temperature and form into small balls the size of a walnut. Flatten them out onto a baking sheet using the back of a fork dipped in cold water. Allow plenty of room for expansion. Bake in a preheated oven – 180C/350F/regulo 4 for 10 minutes approx. Sprinkle with Vanilla sugar. When cold, store in air tight containers.

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